"""

    Parameters

    ----------

    evm :

        The current EVM.

    amount :

    """

    evm_trace(evm, GasAndRefund(int(amount)))

    if evm.gas_left < amount:

    """

    Calculates the gas cost for allocating memory

    to the smallest multiple of 32 bytes,

    such that the allocated size is at least as big as the given size.

    Parameters

    ----------

    size_in_bytes :

        The size of the data in bytes.

    Returns

    -------

    total_gas_cost : `ethereum.base_types.Uint`

        The gas cost for storing data in memory.

    """

    size_in_words = ceil32(size_in_bytes) // Uint(32)

    linear_cost = size_in_words * GasCosts.MEMORY_PER_WORD

    quadratic_cost = size_in_words ** Uint(2) // Uint(512)

    total_gas_cost = linear_cost + quadratic_cost

    try:

        return total_gas_cost

    except ValueError as e:

        raise OutOfGasError from e

    """

    Calculates the gas amount to extend memory.

    Parameters

    ----------

    memory :

        Memory contents of the EVM.

    extensions:

        List of extensions to be made to the memory.

        Consists of a tuple of start position and size.

    Returns

    -------

    extend_memory: `ExtendMemory`

    """

    size_to_extend = Uint(0)

    to_be_paid = Uint(0)

    current_size = ulen(memory)

    for start_position, size in extensions:

        if size == 0:

            continue

        before_size = ceil32(current_size)

        after_size = ceil32(Uint(start_position) + Uint(size))

        if after_size <= before_size:

            continue

        size_to_extend += after_size - before_size

        already_paid = calculate_memory_gas_cost(before_size)

        total_cost = calculate_memory_gas_cost(after_size)

        to_be_paid += total_cost - already_paid

        current_size = after_size

    return ExtendMemory(to_be_paid, size_to_extend)

    """

    Calculates the MessageCallGas (cost and gas made available to the sub-call)

    for executing call Opcodes.

    Parameters

    ----------

    value:

        The amount of `ETH` that needs to be transferred.

    gas :

        The amount of gas provided to the message-call.

    gas_left :

        The amount of gas left in the current frame.

    memory_cost :

        The amount needed to extend the memory in the current frame.

    extra_gas :

        The amount of gas needed for transferring value + creating a new

        account inside a message call.

    call_stipend :

        The amount of stipend provided to a message call to execute code while

        transferring value (ETH).

    Returns

    -------

    message_call_gas: `MessageCallGas`

    """

    call_stipend = Uint(0) if value == 0 else call_stipend

    if gas_left < extra_gas + memory_cost:

        return MessageCallGas(gas + extra_gas, gas + call_stipend)

    gas = min(gas, max_message_call_gas(gas_left - memory_cost - extra_gas))

    return MessageCallGas(gas + extra_gas, gas + call_stipend)

    """

    Calculates the maximum gas that is allowed for making a message call.

    Parameters

    ----------

    gas :

        The amount of gas provided to the message-call.

    Returns

    -------

    max_allowed_message_call_gas: `ethereum.base_types.Uint`

        The maximum gas allowed for making the message-call.

    """

    return gas - (gas // Uint(64))

    """

    Calculates the gas to be charged for the init code in CREATE*

    opcodes as well as create transactions.

    Parameters

    ----------

    init_code_length :

        The length of the init code provided to the opcode

        or a create transaction

    Returns

    -------

    init_code_gas: `ethereum.base_types.Uint`

        The gas to be charged for the init code.

    """

    return GasCosts.CODE_INIT_PER_WORD * ceil32(init_code_length) // Uint(32)

    """

    Calculates the excess blob gas for the current block based

    on the gas used in the parent block.

    Parameters

    ----------

    parent_header :

        The parent block of the current block.

    Returns

    -------

    excess_blob_gas: `ethereum.base_types.U64`

        The excess blob gas for the current block.

    """

    # At the fork block, these are defined as zero.

    excess_blob_gas = U64(0)

    blob_gas_used = U64(0)

    base_fee_per_gas = Uint(0)

    if isinstance(parent_header, Header):

        # After the fork block, read them from the parent header.

        excess_blob_gas = parent_header.excess_blob_gas

        blob_gas_used = parent_header.blob_gas_used

        base_fee_per_gas = parent_header.base_fee_per_gas

    parent_blob_gas = excess_blob_gas + blob_gas_used

    if parent_blob_gas < GasCosts.BLOB_TARGET_GAS_PER_BLOCK:

        return U64(0)

    target_blob_gas_price = Uint(GasCosts.PER_BLOB)

    target_blob_gas_price *= calculate_blob_gas_price(excess_blob_gas)

    base_blob_tx_price = GasCosts.BLOB_BASE_COST * base_fee_per_gas

    if base_blob_tx_price > target_blob_gas_price:

        blob_schedule_delta = (

            GasCosts.BLOB_SCHEDULE_MAX - GasCosts.BLOB_SCHEDULE_TARGET

        )

        return (

            excess_blob_gas

            + blob_gas_used * blob_schedule_delta // GasCosts.BLOB_SCHEDULE_MAX

        )

    return parent_blob_gas - GasCosts.BLOB_TARGET_GAS_PER_BLOCK

    """

    Calculate the total blob gas for a transaction.

    Parameters

    ----------

    tx :

        The transaction for which the blob gas is to be calculated.

    Returns

    -------

    total_blob_gas: `ethereum.base_types.Uint`

        The total blob gas for the transaction.

    """

    if isinstance(tx, BlobTransaction):

        return GasCosts.PER_BLOB * U64(len(tx.blob_versioned_hashes))

    else:

        return U64(0)

    """

    Calculate the blob gasprice for a block.

    Parameters

    ----------

    excess_blob_gas :

        The excess blob gas for the block.

    Returns

    -------

    blob_gasprice: `Uint`

        The blob gasprice.

    """

    return taylor_exponential(

        GasCosts.BLOB_MIN_GASPRICE,

        Uint(excess_blob_gas),

        GasCosts.BLOB_BASE_FEE_UPDATE_FRACTION,

    )

    """

    Calculate the blob data fee for a transaction.

    Parameters

    ----------

    excess_blob_gas :

        The excess_blob_gas for the execution.

    tx :

        The transaction for which the blob data fee is to be calculated.

    Returns

    -------

    data_fee: `Uint`

        The blob data fee.

    """

    return Uint(calculate_total_blob_gas(tx)) * calculate_blob_gas_price(

        excess_blob_gas

    )